Information om | Engelska ordet FEMTOSECONDS

Exempel på hur man kan använda FEMTOSECONDS i en mening

• In 2001, Ferenc Krausz and his team at the Technical University of Vienna fired an ultrashort wavelength (7 femtoseconds) red laser pulse into a stream of neon atoms, where the stripped electrons were carried by the pulse and almost immediately re-eject into the neon nucleus.
• Mode-locked oscillators generate ultrashort pulses with a typical duration between a few picoseconds and 10 femtoseconds, in special cases even around 5 femtoseconds (few carrier wave cycles in each laser pulses).
• This is sometimes expressed by stating that the transition state has a fleeting existence, with species only maintaining the transition state structure for the time-scale of vibrations of chemical bonds (femtoseconds).
• In this regime the photoelectron has a strong scattering amplitude by neighboring atoms in molecules and condensed matter, its wavelength is larger than interatomic distances, its mean free path could be smaller than one nanometer and finally the lifetime of the excited state is in the order of femtoseconds.
• The laser pulse duration cannot be easily measured by optoelectronic methods, since the response time of photodiodes and oscilloscopes are at best of the order of 200 femtoseconds, yet laser pulses can be made as short as a few femtoseconds.
• Again, a pair of pulses is usually used in the so-called "transient pumping" scheme: (1) a longer pulse on the order of nanoseconds (sometimes preceded by one or several smaller "pre-pulses") is often used for plasma creation and (2) a second, shorter (on the order of hundreds of femtoseconds or a picosecond) and more energetic pulse is used for further excitation in the plasma volume.
• Zewail was awarded the 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his seminal work in the field of femtochemistry, which made it possible to observe molecular changes measured in femtoseconds, a measurement equal to a millionth of a billionth of a second.
• These include OCXOs that can maintain stabilities within a few parts per billion (ppb), and surface acoustic wave (SAW) oscillators that can deliver jitter under 100 femtoseconds at high frequencies.
• Graphene displays different time scales in response to photon interaction, ranging from femtoseconds (ultra-fast) to picoseconds.
• The lasing medium in some dye lasers and vibronic solid-state lasers produces optical gain over a wide bandwidth, making a laser possible which can thus generate pulses of light as short as a few femtoseconds.

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