Definition & Betydelse | Engelska ordet INTRAMOLECULAR

Definition av INTRAMOLECULAR

1. (kemi, fysik) intramolekylär

Exempel på hur man kan använda INTRAMOLECULAR i en mening

• Intermolecular forces are weak relative to intramolecular forces – the forces which hold a molecule together.
• Common examples include the aldol condensation and the Knoevenagel condensation, which both form water as a by-product, as well as the Claisen condensation and the Dieckman condensation (intramolecular Claisen condensation), which form alcohols as by-products.
• Lactones are formed by lactonization, the intramolecular esterification of the corresponding hydroxycarboxylic acids, which takes place spontaneously when the ring that is formed is five- or six-membered.
• Freund treated 1,3-dibromopropane with sodium, causing an intramolecular Wurtz reaction leading directly to cyclopropane.
• Lysine and glutamine residues must be bound to a peptide or a protein so that this cross-linking (between separate molecules) or intramolecular (within the same molecule) reaction can happen.
• Protein splicing is an intramolecular reaction of a particular protein in which an internal protein segment (called an intein) is removed from a precursor protein with a ligation of C-terminal and N-terminal external proteins (called exteins) on both sides.
• Determination of intramolecular London dispersion interaction effects on gas-phase and solid-state structures of diamondoid dimers.
• The ease with which molecules will crystallize strongly depends on the intensity of either atomic forces (in the case of mineral substances), intermolecular forces (organic and biochemical substances) or intramolecular forces (biochemical substances).
• It is usually manifested in intermolecular reactions, whereas discussion of steric effects often focus on intramolecular interactions.
• Cellobiose has eight free alcohol (OH) groups, one acetal linkage, and one hemiacetal linkage, which give rise to strong inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonds.
• Certain intramolecular bonds, such as the O–O bond of a peroxide, are sufficiently weak to spontaneously homolytically dissociate near room temperature.
• The intermediates are the carboxyl dianion A which gives an intramolecular nucleophilic substitution by the β-carboxylate anion to produce a four-membered β-lactone ring B.
• In the Hofmann elimination, the least substituted alkene is typically favored due to intramolecular steric interactions.
• Independent of dilution, acyloin condensation of a diester favours intramolecular cyclisation (for all but the smallest rings) over intermolecular polymerisation.
• Study of intramolecular vibrational energy relaxation, of phase space sampling and of unimolecular laws of decay via autocorrelation functions.
• In an intramolecular version of the Reissert reaction, a furan ring-opening provides the carbonyl necessary for cyclization to form an indole.
• In stereochemistry, macrocyclic stereocontrol refers to the directed outcome of a given intermolecular or intramolecular chemical reaction that is governed by the conformational preference of a macrocycle.
• In organic chemistry, Madelung synthesis is a chemical reaction that produces (substituted or unsubstituted) indoles by the intramolecular cyclization of N-phenylamides using strong base at high temperature.
• The predominant driving force for this face-selective, intramolecular hydride transfer is the simultaneous activation of the borane reagent by coordination to the Lewis basic nitrogen and the enhancement of the Lewis acidity of the endocyclic boron atom for coordination to the ketone.
• Often, for molecular systems, quantum mechanical calculations in the gas phase are used for parametrizing intramolecular interactions and parametrizing intermolecular dispersive interactions by using macroscopic properties such as liquid densities.

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