Information om | Engelska ordet POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL

Exempel på hur man kan använda POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL i en mening

• Found in plants, animals, and even some viruses, miRNAs are involved in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.
• Research foci: drug resistance; cancer genomics; tumor microenvironment; cancer metabolism; growth control in mammalian cells; transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation.
• A set of protein isoforms may be formed from alternative splicings, variable promoter usage, or other post-transcriptional modifications of a single gene; post-translational modifications are generally not considered.
• The location of OAS in the cell and the length of the 2'-5' oligoadenylate depends on the post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications of OAS.
• Cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP, or CLIP-seq) is a method used in molecular biology that combines UV crosslinking with immunoprecipitation in order to identify RNA binding sites of proteins on a transcriptome-wide scale, thereby increasing our understanding of post-transcriptional regulatory networks.
• The action of snRNPs is essential to the removal of introns from pre-mRNA, a critical aspect of post-transcriptional modification of RNA, occurring only in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
• Exon regions are retained in the final mature mRNA molecule, while intron regions are spliced out (excised) during post-transcriptional processing.
• Trypanosomatid protists and other kinetoplastids have a post-transcriptional RNA modification process known as "RNA editing" that performs a uridine insertion/deletion inside the mitochondria.
• The Drosophila ELAV family, the Puf family in yeast, and the human La, Ro, and FMR proteins are known examples of RBPs, showing the diverse species and processes with which post-transcriptional gene regulation is associated.
• In other instances, in stromal cells, IL-11 activates non-canonical MAPK/ERK-dependent signalling to initiate the post-transcriptional upregulation of specific subsets of transcripts in the absence of an effect on transcription.
• Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are complexes of RNA and protein present in the cell nucleus during gene transcription and subsequent post-transcriptional modification of the newly synthesized RNA (pre-mRNA).
• The post-transcriptional modifications are: the addition of a 5' m7G cap, splicing of intronic sequences, and 3' cleavage and polyadenylation.
• The polypyrimidine tract is a region of pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) that promotes the assembly of the spliceosome, the protein complex specialized for carrying out RNA splicing during the process of post-transcriptional modification.
• The most well-studied outcome of the RNAi is post-transcriptional gene silencing, which occurs when the guide strand pairs with a complementary sequence in a messenger RNA molecule and induces cleavage by Argonaute, that lies in the core of RNA-induced silencing complex.
• These piRNA complexes are mostly involved in the epigenetic and post-transcriptional silencing of transposable elements and other spurious or repeat-derived transcripts, but can also be involved in the regulation of other genetic elements in germ line cells.
• Recent work has unveiled important additional regulatory mechanisms: microRNAs regulate post-transcriptional processing of Rho GTPase-encoding mRNAs; palmitoylation and nuclear targeting affect intracellular distribution; post-translational phosphorylation, transglutamination and AMPylation modulate Rho GTPase signaling; and ubiquitination controls Rho GTPase protein stability and turnover.
• Other suppressors of the pathways are: protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PAIS) (regulation of transcriptional activity in the nucleus, observed in STAT4-DNA binding complex), protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) (removal of phosphate groups from phosphorylated tyrosine in JAK/STAT pathway proteins), STAT-interacting LIM protein (SLIM) (STAT ubiquitin E3 ligase blocking the phosphorylation of STAT4) or microRNA (miRNA) (degradation of STAT4 mRNA and its post-transcriptional regulation).
• HMGA1-GFP fusion proteins are highly dynamic in vivo (determined using FRAP analysis), but in contrast also show nanomolar affinity to AT-rich DNA in vitro (determined biochemically), which might be explained due to the extensive post-transcriptional modifications in vivo.
• Loss of pluripotency is regulated by hypermethylation of some Sox2 and Oct4 binding sites in male germ cells and post-transcriptional suppression of Sox2 by miR134.
• As an important regulator of post-transcriptional regulation, HuR destabilization from the mRNA is associated with degradation of the transcript.

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