Information om | Engelska ordet THERMODYNAMICALLY

Exempel på hur man kan använda THERMODYNAMICALLY i en mening

• The change in the free energy is the maximum amount of work that the system can perform in a process at constant temperature, and its sign indicates whether the process is thermodynamically favorable or forbidden.
• Matteucci effect is one of the magnetomechanical effects, which is thermodynamically inverse to Wiedemann effect.
• Davenport and Edgar Bain, it is one of the products that may form when austenite (the face-centered cubic crystal structure of iron) is cooled past a temperature where it is no longer thermodynamically stable with respect to ferrite, cementite, or ferrite and cementite.
• Another way to explain this would be that even though the conversion of diamond into graphite is thermodynamically feasible and spontaneous even at room temperature, the high activation energy of this reaction renders it unspontaneous.
• An ideal thermodynamically reversible process is free of dissipative losses and therefore the magnitude of work performed by or on the system would be maximized.
• Whereas a single enzyme was once believed to catalyze both the forward and reverse chemical changes, research has found that two separate enzymes of similar structure are typically needed to perform what results in a pair of thermodynamically irreversible processes.
• a paper with Cumrun Vafa that explains the microscopic origin of the black hole entropy, originally calculated thermodynamically by Stephen Hawking and Jacob Bekenstein, from string theory.
• Crucially, these arguments were meant to apply at the microscopic level and suggested that black-hole evaporation is not only thermodynamically but microscopically irreversible.
• Carboxylating ethylene to acrylic acid under supercritical carbon dioxide is thermodynamically possible, but efficient catalysts have not been developed.
• A sensible heat polynya is thermodynamically driven, and typically occurs when warm water upwelling keeps the surface water temperature at or above the freezing point.
• It does this by reducing the window of time during which these undesired reactions are both thermodynamically favorable and kinetically accessible; for instance, quenching can reduce the crystal grain size of both metallic and plastic materials, increasing their hardness.
• With chlorine the reaction is moderate to fast; with bromine, slow and requires intense UV irradiation; and with iodine, it is practically nonexistent and thermodynamically unfavored.
• This makes it kinetically nonreactive despite being thermodynamically one of the strongest oxidants.
• Contact angle hysteresis occurs because many different thermodynamically stable contact angles are found on a nonideal solid.
• Indeed, because the reduction reaction of perchlorate is kinetically limited even if it is a thermodynamically unstable compound, perchlorate is a redox non-sensitive anion.
• The term superbase does not mean a base is thermodynamically and/or kinetically stronger than another, instead it means that a basic reagent is created by combining the characteristics of several different bases.
• Microemulsions are clear, thermodynamically stable, isotropic liquid mixtures of oil, water and surfactant, frequently in combination with a cosurfactant.
• Reactions used in DCvC must generate thermodynamically stable products to overcome the entropic cost of self-assembly.
• As such, this technique is preferred for the formation of devices incorporating thermodynamically metastable alloys, and it has become a major process in the manufacture of optoelectronics, such as light-emitting diodes, its most widespread application.
• Cahn contributed to the theory of how such a structure could be thermodynamically stable and became co-author of the seminal paper which introduced quasicrystals.

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